For years, the de minimis rule allowed shipments worth less than $800 to enter the U.S. without customs duties. The president, a strong supporter of tariffs and protectionist policies, cheered the end of that duty-free treatment, saying the exemption had deprived the government of billions in customs revenue. Importers took heavy advantage of the exception.
The exemption was designed to reduce the burden of collecting taxes on small transactions, but its scale grew dramatically with the expansion of cross-border e-commerce. Trump has argued that the loophole deprived the government of billions in revenue.
Detroit Axle, a Michigan auto-parts distributor, brought its challenge in May 2025, over three months after Trump signed the order that revoked the duty-free threshold. The company contended that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or IEEPA, did not give the president the power to eliminate the loophole.
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The same statute previously served as the basis for the administration's "liberation day" tariff plan, which covered nearly all U.S. trading partners. In February, the Supreme Court invalidated those tariffs, holding that IEEPA did not permit them. Thursday's decision from a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of International Trade reached the opposite conclusion for the de minimis rule: the law lets the president revoke the exemption.
Quoting the statute, the panel wrote: "In reaching this conclusion, we find that the President's power to 'nullify [or] void . . . exercising any . . . privilege' does not run afoul of separation of powers principles."
The panel also decided that, in contrast to the challenges to the broad tariff orders, closing the duty-free loophole neither counts as "an exercise of the power of the purse" nor as "an exercise of the power to legislate." The Supreme Court's decision in the tariff case required congressional approval for measures of that scale.
The ruling is a win for Trump's trade agenda. Shipments below $800 now face customs duties.
For investors, the bigger picture is about trade policy direction. This ruling suggests courts are willing to let the president use emergency powers to reshape trade rules, even after the Supreme Court pushed back on the broader tariff plan. That means more uncertainty for companies that rely on global supply chains, and more reason to watch how trade policy shifts play out in the months ahead.
The bottom line: cheap imports just got a little less cheap, and the legal ground for trade fights just got a little more settled.
The case also highlights the ongoing tension between presidential authority and congressional oversight when it comes to trade matters. While the Supreme Court drew a line on sweeping tariffs, this decision signals that more targeted actions under emergency powers may still pass legal scrutiny. For businesses that depend on imported goods, this means the regulatory landscape could continue shifting as the administration pushes forward with its protectionist agenda.
The ruling also sets up potential appellate review. The Supreme Court's earlier decision in the tariff case did not foreclose all presidential trade actions under IEEPA, but it did establish limits. Whether the de minimis ruling survives further scrutiny depends on how higher courts weigh the distinction between sweeping tariffs and targeted regulatory changes.
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